Since the interaction of electrons with materials is much stronger, one needs much less diffracting material in order to obtain good reflections. However, given crystals’ dimensions that range from a few tens to a few hundred nanometers, these are the perfect target for microED. Gonen, many microcrystalline materials were dismissively qualified as powders. Up until 2013, when microED was introduced by a group led by T. This is the point where Microcrystal Electron Diffraction (microED) comes into play. It uses powder (a mix of microscopic crystals), but it is much less efficient than XRD. In that case, PXRD provides an alternative route for structure determination, since it relaxes the requirement for large crystals. Since growing such crystals is often a time-consuming and challenging process, sample preparation is the technique’s most significant bottleneck-not to mention that some molecules do not always form large crystals and therefore cannot be investigated using this method. Single-crystal XRD is a mature technique that provides the most detailed structures, but it requires macroscopic, high-quality crystals in order to deliver usable data. The most widespread techniques are single-crystal X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD). Today, there are a lot of techniques based on this phenomenon, and they are used to study a variety of systems: from solid-state materials such as metals and semiconductors to biological systems such as proteins, viruses, and pharmaceutical compounds. If the subject of the analysis is a crystal consisting of atoms or molecules that are organized in a periodic fashion, the resulting diffraction pattern can be used to reconstruct the crystal’s microscopic structure. In simple terms, “diffraction” refers to various phenomena that occur when a wave interacts with an object, giving rise to interference patterns.
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